Introduction (principles and statistical concepts) – T-test – Chi-square test – Analysis of variance (assumptions and conditions for analysis of variance – Data transformation) – One factor and factorial experiments – Completely randomized design – Complete randomized block design – Latin square design – Means separation tests – Split plot designs – Nested design.

Determine the percentage of losses resulting from disease, using proper methods in disease control, predicting the occurrence of infection to escape the occurrence of the disease.

Studying (BC history), its evolution and development and why biocontrol, recent interests in (BC), environmental background and biological control strategies, agricultural ecosystems and (BC), components of plant-pathogen-BCA, properties and characteristics of Biological Control Agents, isolation and formulation protocols (BCA protocols), attaining legal permissions to allow proliferation and authorization1. to manufacture, application and exportation of BCA bioproducts, Biological control mechanisms, examples of new methods in biocontrol. 2. Introduction to biological insect control, biological enemies and their mechanisms, predators. Their general characteristics, methods of classification and examples, the biology of parasitoids. Biological data, types of parasitism, feeding stages of parasite larvae with examples, examples of orders and families of parasites.Biological control of insect pests by nematodes, relationships between nematodes and insect pests, division of entomopathogenic nematodes, relationship between (insect) and biology of entomopathogenic nematodes and their applications, study of the life cycles of entomopathogenic nematodes,

This course aims to enable the student to choose the subject of study, and to teach him the stages of research. The student also learns how to raise the problem of the chosen research and find solutions and proposals for it.

Introduction and choosing the title of the research, determining the importance, objectives and hypotheses, reviewing relevant previous studies, choosing the appropriate method for conducting the research, scanning the various sources required to complete the research, how to use books and periodicals, how to prepare references, how to prepare and present data, how to present a convincing and arguable presentation. And defending it, the first presentation of the research proposal - with supervisors only, the final presentation of the research proposal in the presence of residents and students, making amendments, if any, and preparing the final version of the research for delivery.

The aim of this course is to provide students with the body of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of scientific work. Also, the course covers general introduction to methodology of scientific research, including the topics on the principles of science and scientific research and basic concepts and principles of scientific creative work. Also, provides instruction on scientific writing, such as article, report and presentation based on academic criteria.

The aim of this course is toeducate students on the economicimportance of Electronmicroscopes to humans, science .The lectures will focus on variousaspects of Electron microscopesincluding: life history, behavior,and the external, enternal of allmajor components and theiroperations

مقدمة على الشكل الظاهري و البيولوجي للحلم و القراد. تصنيف للرتب الشائعة و العائلات المهمة للأكاروسات بما في ذلك الخصائص التشخصية، الأهمية الإقتصادية، طبيعة الضرر، المدى العوائلي لأفات الحلم على المحاصيل المختلفة و المنتجات المخزونة. كذلك مناقشة معلومات عامة على المعيشة و طرق المكافحة. العملي: زيارات حقلية، جمع و تعريف لأنواع الحلم المهمة و أعدائهم الطبيعية على مختلف المحاصيل و النباتات، التدريب على تعريف عائلات الحلم المصاحبة للنباتات و تقديم معلومات على أفات حلم النباتات.

مفهوم تصنيف الحشرات، الصفات والاجراءات التصنيفية، طرق جمع و عزل الحشرات و طرق حفظها، النماذج التصنيفية، التوزيع والانعزال الجغرافي، التاريخ العرقي وأصل الأنواع، الرتب الحشرية ، وظيفتها و انواعها، الانتخاب الطبيعي، التقسيم الوراثي، التصنيف الحيوي، القواعد الدولية في تسمية المراتب التقسيمية

The student acquires knowledge about the following topics: Stored pest types, their life cycle and their harm. In addition, studying the most important pests which infest field crops. Primary and secondary pests affecting cereal grains, legumes, dates and their products in stores, as well as methods of identifying insect infestations in stored grain and its products, and methods of control used.

This course provides the knowledge of plant-microbe interactions on a cellular and molecular levels, in particular, Plant reactions the pathogens’ attacks, and the nature of the apparent, biochemical, physiological and cellular changes resulting from infection or plant resistance to disease through various mechanisms responsible for the changes that occur in plant growth and yield losses, as a result of being infected by various organisms.

The student studies: the concept of insect ecology, the ecology of individual insects, insect habitats and their nutritional relationships, acquisition of natural resources, assessment of insect community systems, numerical changes in insect communities, ecosystem components and their importance, natural ecological balance, bioavailability factors, environmental resistance factors, insects as a regulator of ecosystem processes.

This course deals with the study of fungal –fungal interactions and with other living organisms. Topics covered will include structure of the cell and its biological, biochemical, physiological characteristics, and the impact of the environment on its growth, and the most important processes of biodegradation of the cell. Particular emphasis will be placed on growth, reproduction, and cell death of the fungus.

This course aims to study Evolution of Taxonomy of nematodes, methods of classification and definition of nematodes, free living nematodes, phytopathogenic nematodes, group Dorylimida and its genera, group Tylenchida and its genera

The aim of this course is to educate students on the economic importance of viruses to humans, science and to the ecosystem. The lectures will focus on various aspects of virus biology including: virus Characteristics, anatomy and physiology, life history, behavior, ecology and the taxonomy of all major viruses and the method of diagnosis, transition، and the method of control

Introduction to the diagnosis of phythopathogenic fungi, Taxonomy and morphological character , Modern interests in establishing a Laboratory for the diagnosis of plant diseases, Methods of dealing diagnosis of obligate fungi, Methods used in field diagnosis, helping factors to diagnosis diseases, morphological characters associated to some diseases. Introduction to nemathology, economic importance of plant pathogenic nemathodes, parasitism methods, symptoms bellow and above the soil surface, compare the symptoms caused by nemathods and other pathogen. Modern classification of bacteria, modern methods for bacterial disease diagnosis, integrated control of bacterial disease, methods of preparing media and isolating and identifying bacteria. Physical diagnostic methods, serologicaldiagnostic methods, electron microscopic examination methods, photographic methods used.

This course deals with an introduction of fungi, economic importance, general characteristics, growth and development of fungi, morphology of fungi, structure, nutrition, reproduction of fungi, taxonomy of fungi, concept of species, traditional classification, modern classification, phylogenetic classification.

- Detect methods of isolation and identification of different pathogens on or inside seeds. - Distinguish the techniques of transmission of pathogens through different seed parts to the plant. - Illustrate the effect of environmental factors on the occurrence of disease epidemics through seed transmission. - Studying relationships between different pathogens in the transmission mechanisms of seed diseases. - Distinguish seed storage problems and methods of prevention. - Detect methods of controlling seed diseases. - Using laboratory methods to test the safety of seeds.

Aِِn introduction and a brief history of plant pathogenic nematodes, distribution and spread of nematodes, adaptation of nematodes to different environmental conditions and their feeding methods, living and non-living factors that affect the life of nematodes, different methods of nematode control, applications of integrated management, systems for evaluating the effectiveness of different management of nematodes.